IYunivesity yase Fort Hare
IYunivesithi yaseFort Hare ( Afrikaans </link> ) yiyunivesithi yoluntu e Alice, eMpuma Koloni, eMzantsi Afrika .
Yayiliziko eliphambili lemfundo ephakamileyo kuma-Afrika ukusuka kwi-1916 ukuya kwi-1959 xa inikezela ngemfundo yezemfundo yaseNtshona kubafundi abavela kulo lonke elase-Afrika ephantsi kwe-Sahara, idala i-African elite. Abafundi baseFort Hare babeyinxalenye yemibutho eyalandela inkululeko kunye noorhulumente bamazwe aseAfrika asandula ukuzimela. [1] [2]
Ngo-1959, le yunivesithi yasetyenziswa yinkqubo yocalucalulo, kodwa ngoku iyinxalenye yenkqubo yemfundo ephakamileyo yaseMzantsi Afrika yasemva kocalucalulo. Yincwadi ye alma mater yabantu abaziwayo abaquka uNelson Mandela, Desmond Tutu, Robert Sobukwe, Oliver Tambo, nabanye.
Ekuqaleni, iFort Hare yayiyinqaba yaseBritani kwiimfazwe ezaziphakathi kwabemi baseBritani namaXhosa kwinkulungwane yeminyaka eyi19. Amanye amabhodlo ale nqaba asabonakala nanamhlanje, kunye namangcwaba amanye amajoni aseBritane asweleke esemsebenzini apho.
Ngexesha leminyaka yoo1830, iZiko leMishini yaseLovedale lakhiwa kufutshane neFort Hare. [3] : 419 UJames Stewart, omnye weenqununu zabo zabavangeli basemazweni, wacebisa ngo1878 ukuba kufuneka kuvulwe iziko lemfundo ephakamileyo yabafundi abantsundu. [3] : 419 Nangona kunjalo, akazange aphile ukuze abone umbono wakhe usetyenziswa [3] : 419 xa, ngo1916, iFort Hare yasekwa kunye no-Alexander Kerr njengenqununu yayo yokuqala. UDDT Jabavu waba ngumsebenzi wakhe wokuqala omnyama ohlohla ngesiLatini kunye neelwimi zesiNtu . [3] : 419 Ngokuvisisana nemigaqo yobuKristu, imirhumo yayiphantsi yaye ixhaswa kakhulu. Izifundo ezininzi bezikhona kubafundi abangathathi ntweni.
IFort Hare yayinemibutho emininzi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo phambi kokuba ibeyiyunivesithi ngokwayo. Ekuqaleni yayibizwa ngokuba yiKholeji yoMveli yaseMzantsi Afrika okanye iKholeji yoMthonyama yaseFort Hare yaye yadityaniswa neYunivesithi yoMzantsi Afrika . [3] : 419 Emva koko yaba yiYunivesithi yaseFort Hare yaza yayanyaniswa neYunivesithi iRhodes . [3] : 419 Ngokusungulwa kocalucalulo, amaziko emfundo ephakamileyo eMzantsi Afrika acalulwa ngokungqongqo ngokobuhlanga; abantsundu babefudula besiya kwiiklasi namaIndiya, abebala nabafundi abambalwa abamhlophe. Ukususela ngo1953 esi sikolo saba yinxalenye yenkqubo yemfundo yeBantu, kwaye ngokupasiswa koMthetho wokuKhuthaza iBantu Self Government Act ngo-1959, safakwa phantsi kolawulo lwaza lwacalulwa ngokobuhlanga nangokobuzwe, kwaye kwakhuthazwa ukufundisa ngeelwimi zesiNtu kunesiNgesi. IFort Hare yaba yiyunivesithi yabantsundu ngokuzimeleyo ngo1970, ilawulwa ngokungqongqo ngurhulumente welizwe. [3] : 419
Yaye iliziko eliphambili kwimfundo ephakamileyo yabantu abamnyama baseAfrika ukusuka ngo1916 ukuya ku1959. Ibonelele ngemfundo yohlobo lwaseNtshona kubafundi abavela kulo lonke elase-Afrika ephantsi kweSahara, besenza abantu abamnyama ababalaseleyo. Abafundi baseFort Hare babeyinxalenye yemibutho eyalandela inkululeko kunye noorhulumente bamazwe aseAfrika asandula ukuzimela. Phakathi kwabo bafunda eFort Hare abathi kamva baba ziinkokeli zamazwe abo nguKenneth Kaunda, Seretse Khama, Yusuf Lule, Julius Nyerere, Robert Mugabe kunye noJoshua Nkomo .
Abachasi abaphambili borhulumente wocalucalulo ababekho baquka uNelson Mandela, Govan Mbeki kunye no Oliver Tambo we African National Congress, Mangosuthu Buthelezi we Inkatha Freedom Party, Robert Sobukwe we Pan Africanist Congress kunye no Desmond Tutu . UMandela, owafunda isiLatini kunye nefiziksi apho phantse iminyaka emibini ngeminyaka yoo1940, walishiya eli ziko ngenxa yokungquzulana nenkokeli yekholeji. Kamva wabhala kwimbali yakhe: "Kubantu abatsha baseMzantsi Afrika abafana nam, yayiyiOxford neCambridge, iHarvard neYale, zonke ziqengqeleke zaba yinto enye."
Emva kokuphela kocalucalulo, uOliver Tambo waba yiNgqonyela yeyunivesithi ngo1991 Ngo2005, iYunivesiti yaseFort Hare yawongwa ngeMbasa yeBaobab kwiGolide “ngegalelo elikhethekileyo kuqeqesho lwabaNtsundu kwimfundo nophuhliso lobunkokheli kwilizwekazi laseAfrika.” [4]
Ikhampasi enkulu yale yunivesithi iseDikeni kufutshane nomlambo iTyhume . IkwiPhondo leMpuma Koloni malunga namashumi amahlanu eekhilomitha ngasentshona yedolophu iQonce kwingingqi ekwathi okwethutyana yaziwa njengelizwe "elizimeleyo" laseCiskei . Ngo2011, ikhampasi yaseDikeni yayinabafundi abamalunga nama6400. Ikhampasi yesibini kwikomkhulu lephondo leMpuma Koloni eBhisho yakhiwa ngo1990 kwaye ibamba amakhulu ambalwa abafundi, ngelixa iKhampasi yaseMonti, eyafunyanwa ngokubhaliswa ngo2004, inabafundi abamalunga nama4300.
Iyunivesithi ineeFalkhalthi ezintlanu (eyezeMfundo, eyezoMthetho, eyezoLawulo noRhwebo, eyezNzululwazi nezoLimo, eyezeNzululwazi zeNtlalo noLuntu) onke abonelela ngeziqinisekiso ukuya kufikelela kwinqanaba lobuGqirhalwazi.
Izicwangciso zobuchule[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]
Ukulandela ixesha lokuhla komgangatho ngeminyaka yoo 1990, uDerrick Swarts waqeshwa njengeSekela Ngqonyela ngomsebenzi wokumisela kwakhona iyunivesiti ngendlela efanelekileyo. </link>[ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">ucatshulo olufunekayo</span> ] Inkqubo eyasungulwa nguSwarts yayiziziCwangciso zoBuchule zeUFH ngonyaka 2000. Esi sicwangciso senzelwe ukulungisa imeko yezemali zeyunivesithi kunye nemigangatho yemfundo ngaxeshanye. Ingqwalasela yeyunivesithi yancitshiswa kwaye ngenxa yoko kwasala iiFakhalthi ezintlanu:
- EzeMfundo
- EzeNzululwazi nezoLimo
- EzeNzululwazi nentlalo yoLuntu
- EzoLawulo kunye nezoRhwebo
- EzoMthaetho
Ukucutha ngakumbi ugqaliselo, amaziko ali14 asekwa ukujongana nemiba ethile, efana neUNESCO Oliver Tambo USihlalo wamaLungelo oLuntu. Ngokusebenzisa indawo akuyo amaziko ayefikelela kwiindawo ezihlwempuzekileyo zasemaphandleni, kwaye ngenxa yoko kugxininiswa kwindima yophando ekuphuculeni umgangatho wobomi kunye nokukhula koqoqosho (kunye ngakumbi nokudalwa kwemisebenzi ezinzileyo). Phakathi kweenkqubo zokufikelela eluntwini, iZiko leTelkom eliGqwesileyo ligcina "ilabhoratri ephilayo" yezikolo ezine zaseDwesa eWild Coast, eziye zazisa iilebhu zekhompyutha nokufikelela kwi-intanethi kwiindawo ebezingenawo nombane de kwangowe2005.Template:Fix/category[citation needed]</link>[ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">zaseDwesa</span> ] kuphando kuLwazi noNxibelelwano kuPhuhliso (ICD).
Ukuhlanganiswa kweYunivesithi yaseRhodes eyayisakuba yikhampasi eMonti ngo2004 kwanika le yunivesithi indawo yasedolophini kunye nendawo engaselunxwemeni okokuqala. Ukukhula okulandelayo kunye nophuhliso kule khampasi kuye kwakhawuleza. Uphuhliso lokuqala lweyunivesithi entsha enezikhampasi ezininzi lukhokelwa sisicwangciso seminyaka emithathu; kungokunje iyunivesiti ilandela iziCwangciso zoBuchule zika2009 -2016 2009, ezimiselwe ukuthabatha eli ziko liye kunyaka walo wekhulu leminyaka.
Alumni abaqaphelekayo[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]
| Name | DoB - DoD | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Dr. Maurice Robert Joseph Peters | 23 July 1899 - 31 August 1959 | First South African Indian Medical Doctor, graduated MBChB from the University of Edinburgh in 1926. |
| Milner Langa Kabane | 18 June 1900 – 1945 | Educator, First Native Principal at Lovedale College, South African Politician, S.A. Bill of Rights pioneer: 1943. |
| Z. K. Matthews | 20 October 1901 – 11 May 1968 | Lectured at Fort Hare from 1936 to 1959 |
| Archibald Campbell Jordan | 30 October 1906 – 20 October 1968 | Novelist, pioneer of African studies |
| Govan Mbeki | 9 July 1910 – 30 August 2001 | South African politician |
| Yusuf Lule | 10 April 1912 – 21 January 1985 | Interim president of Uganda 1979 |
| Cedric Phatudi | 27 May 1912 – 7 October 1987 | Former Chief Minister of Lebowa 1972–1987 |
| Kaiser Matanzima | 15 June 1915 – 15 June 2003 | President of bantustan Transkei |
| Mary Malahlela | 2 May 1916 – 8 May 1981 | First female black doctor in South Africa |
| Oliver Tambo | 27 October 1917 – 24 April 1993 | African National Congress activist, expelled while doing his second degree |
| Nelson Mandela | 18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013 | Former President of South Africa; expelled and later attended the University of the Witwatersrand but did not graduate |
| Charles Njonjo | 23 January 1920 –2 January 2022[5] | Former Attorney General of Kenya and Former Minister of Justice in Kenya |
| Lionel Ngakane | 17 July 1920 – 26 November 2003 | South African film maker |
| Seretse Khama | 1 July 1921 – 13 July 1980 | First President of Botswana |
| Julius Nyerere | 19 July 1922 – 14 October 1999 | First President of Tanzania |
| Herbert Chitepo | 15 June 1923 – 18 March 1975 | ZANU leader |
| Robert Mugabe | 21 February 1924 – 6 September 2019 | Former President of Zimbabwe, attended 1949–1951 |
| Kenneth Kaunda | 28 April 1924 – 17 June 2021 | First President of Zambia |
| Can Themba | 21 June 1924 – 1968 | South African writer and one of the "Drum Boys" who worked for Drum (a magazine for urban black people |
| Robert Sobukwe | 5 December 1924 – 27 February 1978 | Founder of the Pan Africanist Congress |
| Alfred Nzo | 19 June 1925 – 13 January 2000 | South African politician |
| Munyua Waiyaki | 12 December 1926 – 26 April 2017 | former Kenyan Minister for Foreign Affairs |
| Allan Hendrickse | 22 October 1927 – 16 March 2005 | Politician, preacher, and teacher |
| Mangosuthu Buthelezi | 27 August 1928 – 9 September 2023 | Leader of the Inkatha Freedom Party, never graduated but transferred to University of Natal. Leader of KwaZulu Bantustan in apartheid South Africa |
| Leepile Moshweu Taunyane | 14 December 1928 – 30 October 2013 | Life President of Premier Soccer League, President of the South African Professional Educators Union |
| Desmond Tutu | 7 October 1931 – 26 December 2021 | Archbishop Emeritus, South African peace activist, Chaplain at Fort Hare in 1967–1969.[6] |
| Frank Mdlalose | 29 November 1931 – 4 April 2021 | First Premier of KwaZulu-Natal |
| Fabian Defu Ribeiro | 19 June 1933 – 1 December 1986 | South African doctor and anti-apartheid activist |
| Ivy Matsepe-Casaburri | 18 September 1937 – 6 April 2009 | Minister of Communications, South Africa |
| Manto Tshabalala-Msimang | 9 October 1940 – 16 December 2009 | Minister of Health of South Africa |
| Chris Hani | 28 June 1942 – 10 April 1993 | Leader of the South African Communist Party - Expelled, later graduated at Rhodes University |
| Wiseman Nkuhlu | 5 February 1944 – | economic advisor to former President Thabo Mbeki, Head of NEPAD |
| Makhenkesi Arnold Stofile | 27 December 1944 – 15 August 2016 | former Minister of Sport of South Africa |
| Sam Nolutshungu | 15 April 1945 – 12 August 1997 | South African scholar |
| Nyameko Barney Pityana | 7 August 1945 – | lawyer and theologian, former Vice-Chancellor of the University of South Africa |
| Sabelo Phama | 31 March 1949 – 9 February 1994 | South African politician and Secretary of Defense in the Pan African Congress |
| Bulelani Ngcuka | 2 May 1954 – | South Africa's former Director of Public Prosecutions |
| Loyiso Nongxa | 22 October 1954 – | Vice-Chancellor of the University of the Witwatersrand |
| Thandi Ndlovu | 1954/1955 - 24 January 2019 | South African medical doctor and businesswoman |
| Joseph Diescho | 10 April 1955 – | Namibian novelist |
| John Hlophe | 1 January 1959 – | Judge President of the Cape Provincial Division of the High Court |
| Zara Thruster | 15 July 1977 – |
Patenting nerve regeneration compound "18-MĆ" extracted from the root of the Alepidea amatymbica plant |
| Dr. Mgwebi Snail | 12 October 1952 – | South African Historian, Politician Pan Africanist Congress of Azania (PAC) and Author |
| Wandile Sihlobo | 16 October 1990 | South African Agricultural Economist and Government Rural Development Advisor |
| Archie Mafeje | 30 March 1936–28 March 2007 | Anthropologist and activist who was involved in the Mafeje Affair |
Bona kwakhona[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]
- Uluhlu lweeyunivesithi zaseMzantsi Afrika
Imithombo yolwazi[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]
- IKhalenda yeKholeji yoMthonyama yaseMzantsi Afrika, unyaka weshumi elinesithathu, ngo1928. Fort Hare, Alice.
- ↑ "CHE | Council on Higher Education | Regulatory body for Higher Education in South Africa | Education | Innovation | University | South Africa" che.ac.za archived from the original on 24 May 2020 retrieved 2020-05-25 Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "University of Fort Hare | National Institute for the Humanities and Social Sciences (NIHSS)" nihss.ac.za archived from the original on 14 August 2017 retrieved 2020-05-25 Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Maaba, Brown Bavusile (2001) "The Archives of the Pan Africanist Congress and the Black Consciousness-Orientated Movements" History in Africa 28: 417–438 JSTOR 3172227 doi:10.2307/3172227 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Maaba" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "University of Fort Hare (1916–)" The Presidency of South Africa archived from the original on 3 September 2022 retrieved 3 September 2022 Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Sir Charles Njonjo dead at 101" Nation (in English) 2022-01-02 archived from the original on 2 January 2022 retrieved 2022-01-02 Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "The Nobel Peace Prize 1984" archived from the original on 11 September 2019 retrieved 27 November 2019 Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help)