Nongqawuse

Isithombe esinqunyuliweyo sika Nongqawuse, umprofeti wakwaXhosa.

Nongqawuse ( </link> ; c. 1841 – 1898) wayengumprofeti wesiXhosa . Iziprofeto zakhe zakhokelela kumbutho weminyaka eyiwaka owafikelela kuvuthondaba ngentshukumo yokubulawa kweenkomo ngamaXhosa ngowe-1856–1857, kwindawo ngoku ebizwa ngokuba yiMpuma Koloni, eMzantsi Afrika .

Ukukhula

UNongqawuse wazalwa ngo-1841 kufutshane nomlambo iGxarha kwilizwe lakwaXhosa elizimeleyo kodwa kufutshane nomda wekoloniyali esandula ukusekwa iBritish Kaffraria eMpuma Koloni eMzantsi Afrika. EbengumXhosa. [2] Incinci into eyaziwa ngabazali bakaNongqawuse, njengoko basweleka eselula. Ngokutsho kombhali-mbali uJeffrey B. Peires, uNongqawuse kwingxelo yakhe ebhaliweyo wathi “UMhlakaza ngumalume wam. ... igama likatata uMhlanhla wesizwe samaKreli. Wasweleka ndisemncinci." Abazali bakaNongqawuse babhubha ngexesha lephulo laseWaterkloof kwiMfazwe yeSibhozo (1850-1853) . [3]

UNongqawuse kukholelwa ukuba wayenolwazi oluphangaleleyo kwaye enolwazi ngengxwabangxwaba phakathi kwamaXhosa neKoloni yaseKapa . [3] Ngeli xesha, amaXhosa aye ajongana nokungenelwa kwimihlaba yawo yemveli ngabaphambukeli baseYurophu. Le nkedama uNongqawuse wakhuliswa ngumalume wakhe uMhlakaza nobengunyana kaceba weKumkani yamaXhosa uSarili kaHintsa .

UMhlakaza wayeyindoda yenkolo, umXhosa, owalishiya ilizwe lakwaXhosa emva kokubhubha kukanina waya kuchitha ixesha elithile eKoloni yaseKoloni, apho waye waqhelana nenkolo yobuKrestu. Wabuyela kwaXhosa ngo1853. UMhlakazi wayeza kuba nefuthe elikhulu kuNongqawuse, esebenza njengetoliki nomququzeleli wemibono yakhe.

Amava okomoya

Ngenyanga kaTshazimpuzi ka1856, uNongqawuse owayeneminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu ubudala ehamba nomhlobo wakhe uNombanda owayephakathi kweminyaka esibhozo ukuya kwishumi ubudala, baye boyikisa iintaka kwizityalo zikamalume wakhe emasimini ngaselwandle ekungeneni komlambo iGxarha kule mihla kummandla weWild Coast eMzantsi Afrika. Ukubuya kwakhe uNongqawuse waxelela uMhlakaza ukuba udibene nemimoya yezinyanya zakhe emibini. Wathi imimoya imxelele ukuba amaXhosa mawatshabalalise izityalo zawo abulale iinkomo zawo, umthombo wobutyebi kwakunye nokutya. UNongqawuse wathi izinyanya ezavela kubo zathi:

1. Abafileyo baya kuvuka.
2. Zonke iinkomo eziphilayo kwakuza kufuneka zixhelwe, kuba zikhuliswe ngezandla ezingcolileyo.
3. Ukulinywa kwakuza kuphela.
4. Kwakuza kufuneka kumbiwe iinkozo ezintsha.
5. Kwakuza kufuneka kwakhiwe izindlu ezintsha.
6. Kuya kufuneka kwakhiwe amadlelo amatsha eenkomo.
7. Iingxowa zobisi ezintsha kufuneka zenziwe.
8. Iingcango bekuza kufuneka zilukwe ngeengcambu yebuka.
9. Abantu mabalahle ubugqirha, umbulo nokukrexeza.

Ukubuyisela, imimoya yayiza kutshayela bonke abafiki baseYurophu elwandle. AmaXhosa ayezokwazi ukugcwalisa amathamba agcwale iintlanti ngeenkomo ezintle nezisempilweni.

Ukuthobela isiprofetho

Ngeli xesha imihlambi emininzi yamaXhosa ibithwaxwa “ sisigulo semiphunga ”, </link> mhlawumbi lwaziswa ziinkomo zaseYurophu. UMhlakaza zange amkholelwe ekuqaleni kodwa wathi uNongqawuse akuchaza enye yala madoda, uMhlakaza (naye wayengumvumisi) wayibona le nkcazo ukuba yeyomninawa wakhe owafayo, waqiniseka ukuba uthetha inyaniso. UMhlakaza wasiphinda esi siprofeto kuSarili. Lo mbhodamo wokubulawa kweenkomo awuchaphazelanga kuphela amaGcaleka, umnombo kaSarili, koko isizwe sonke samaXhosa. Ababhali bembali baqikelela ukuba amaGcaleka abulala phakathi kwe amawaka angamakhulu amathathu (300,000) kumawaka angamakhulu amane (400,000) weenkomo.

Ayingawo onke amaXhosa awayezikholelwa iziprofetho zikaNongqawuse. Iqaqobana, elaziwa ngokuba ngamagogotya (abantu abaxhwalekileyo), zange bavume ukuxhelela nokutyeshela izityalo zabo, kwaza oku kwala kwasetyenziswa nguNongqawuse ukuthethelela ukusilela kweziprofetho kwisithuba seenyanga ezilishumi elinesihlanu (April 1856 – June 1857).

Isiphumo

UNongqawuse waxela kwangaphambili ukuba idinga leminyanya liya kufezekiswa ngomhla weshumi elinesibhozo kuFebruwari ka1857, xa ilanga liza kuba bomvu. Ekuqaleni, emva kokusilela kwesiprofeto sikaNongqawuse, abalandeli bakhe bagxeka abo bangazange bayithobele imiyalelo yakhe. Kamva bamjikela. Inkosi uSarili watyelela lo mlambo iGxarha, wathetha noNongqawuse noMhlakaza. Ekubuyeni kwakhe, wavakalisa ukuba iHlabathi Elitsha laliza kuqalisa emveni kweentsuku ezisibhozo. Ngosuku lwesibhozo ilanga laliza kuphuma, libomvu-gazi, yaye ngaphambi kokuba litshone kwakhona, kwakuza kubakho isiphango esikhulu, emva koko “abafi bavuke”. Kwiintsuku ezisibhozo ezalandelayo ukubulawa kweenkomo kwafikelela incopho. Ezi ziprofeto nazo azizange zizaliseke.

Emva kwentlekele, inani labemi baseBritane Kaffraria lehla ukusuka kwiwaka lekhulu elinesihlanu (105,000) ukuya ngaphantsi kwamawaka angamashumi amabini anesixhenxe (27,000) ngenxa yendlala. Inkosi yakwaBomvana yanikezela uNongqawuse kuMajjarha uGawler waza wahlala kowabo ixesha elithile. Ngenye imini, uNksk. Gawler wagqiba kwelokuba amnxibise, kunye nomprofetikazi waseMpongo uNonkosi, kwaye umfanekiso wabo uthathwe ngumfoti. Lo ngumfanekiso kaNongqawuse othe wasasazwa ngabantu abaninzi. Emva kokukhululwa kwakhe, wahlala kwifama ekwisithili sase-Alexandria empuma Koloni. Wasweleka ngo-1898.

Nanamhlanje intlambo atyholwa ukuba wadibana kuyo nemimoya kaNongqawuse isabizwa ngokuba yiNtlambo kaNongqawuse (igama lesiXhosa elithetha “intlambo kaNongqawuse”). </link>

Bona kwakho

• Imbubhiso yaseBulhoek
• uNontetha, umprofetikazi wesiXhosa
• Inoveli kaZakes Mda ethi Intliziyo Ebomvu
• I-Ghost Dance, intshukumo ye-millennialist eyabiza ukubuyela kwixesha langaphambili le-colonial phakathi kwamaMelika aseMelika eNtshona ye-United States, ephefumlelwe yiphupha lesiprofeto.