I-Spacecraft

I-spacecraft y-inqwelo ethwala abantu nee-cargo izisusa ngaphandle kwe-Eatmosphere yomHlaba, loo nto ziyenza nge-space zibasa kwezinye ii-planetary, izitishi ze-space, okanye kwii-orbits zize ziphinde zibabuyisele ekhaya kwakhona. Izi-Spacecraft ezenzelwe kumphezulu we-planethi zibizwa ngokuba ziinqwelo ziinqwelo ze-launch akwaye zidla ngokuncothuka kwii-launch pads ekwi-spaceports.

Inkoliso yee-spacecraft namhlanje zinyanzeliswa ziimoto ze-rocket, eziphokozela impongo yemisi kwelinye icala elichasene neli zihamba ngalo. Ezinye iindlela zokwenza intshukumo zisetyenziswa xa kufanelekile. I-Spacecraft ezingaphelelwayo kumandla amakhulu e-gravity ingasenebzisa ii-ion thrusters okanye ezindle iindlela ezinefuthe.

Ngenxa yamandla namakhulu afunekayo kwii-Spacecraft ukuze kube lula ukuba mazishiye i-gravithi yomhlaba, kudla ngokuba duru kakhulu ukuzakha, ukuzibeka ngokusesikweni, kunye nokuzisebenza. Izicwangciso zee-spacecraft zexa elizayo zigxile ekunciphiseni ezi ndleko ukuze babebaninzi abantu abanokuthatha inxaxheba kwi-space. kodwa kwezi ntsuku siphila kuzo, amaxabiso asephezulu kakhulu, kwaye kutsha nje, zonke ii-spacecraft bezixhaswa ngurhulumente kazwelonke.

Iinqwelo ze-spaceflight nekuzinqwelo zabantu

Eyonanto yakhe yaduru kakhulu kunazo zonke izinto kukuthumela abantu kwi-space, ngenxa yokuba kaloku abantu kufuneka betyile, kufuneka bephefumlile, kufuneka behleli endaweni, kukwafuneka bekhuselekile, kwaye abantu kufuneka belawuliwe. Abantu abathatha inxaxheba elolu hlobo banamagama awodwa: AmaMelika azibiza ii-astronauts;
AmaRhashiya wona azibiza ii-cosmonauts; AmaTshayina azibiza ii-taikonauts.

Isebe laseMelika i-NASA laasebenzisa uphehleleo lweenqwelo olubizwa ngokuba si-Space Shuttle. Kungoku nje, ziya e-Soyuz nge-cosmonauts.
Isebe laseRhashiya i-RFSA lisebenzisa uphehlelelo lwenqwelo ebizwa ngokuba yi-Soyuz.
Isebe le-Ukrainian i-UASA lisebenzisa uphehlelelo lwenqwelo ebizwa ngokuba yi-Zenit.
Isebe lamaTshayina i-CNSA lisebenzisa uphehlelelo lwenqwelo ebizwa Shenzhou.
Ifem yomntu i-Virgin Galactic yakha ikwaphehlelela inqwelo ebizwa ngokuba yi-SpaceShipTwo.

Ii-Satellites

Inxalenye yee-spacecraft ezibalulekileyo namhlanje zii-satellites ezenziweyo. Ii-satellite ezenziweyo zinganeno ngobukhulu, kwaye zii-spacecraft ezingenabantu ngaphakathi kuzo. Ezinye zazo zihamba kwi-Low Earth orbit ukuze zijonge emhlabeni okanye zihamba kule ndawo ngezinye iinjongo. Ezinye zithunyelwa kwi-geostationary orbit ukuze zithumele ii-radio signals ezisuka kwindawo ethile emhlabeni zisiya kwenye indawo, okanye zijonge okwenzeka ezantsi emhlabeni zikwenza oko ziphezulu. Uqhagamshelwano lwe-satellite lubaluleke kakhulu kumabonakude nakwezinye iindlela zoqhagamshelwano, kwaye eainye ii-satellites zinceda kuqikelelo lwemozulu nakweminye imisebenzi