Brasil

Brasil
República Federativa do Brasil
Ikomkhulu:	I-Brasil
Ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni:	IsiPhuthukezi
Isiphaluka:	8 515 767 km²
Uluntu:	212 559 417 (2020)
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IBrazil (ngesiPhuthukezi: Brasil), ngokusesikweni eyiRiphabliki yoMbutho waseBrazil, lelinye lawona mazwe makhulu eMzantsi Melika naseLatin Melika. Lilizwe lesihlanu ngobukhulu ehlabathini, emva kweRashiya, iKhanada, iTshayina, neMelika, kwaye lelesixhenxe ngobuninzi babantu.

IBrazil lilizwe kuphela eliseMzantsi Melika eliyikoloni yePhuthukezi kwaye apho ulwimi olusemthethweni sisiPhuthukezi. Eli lizwe lijikelezwe yiLwandlekazi iAtlantic ngasempumalanga, kwaye linomda othe kratya kunye nalo lonke ilizwe laseMzantsi Melika, ngaphandle kweChile ne-Ecuador.

IBrazil yaziwa ngokuba neHlathi le Amazon, elona hlathi likhulu kwihlabathi, kunye nolwimi, inkcubeko, nomculo wayo otshayelele ehlabathini, kunye nokuthandwa kakhulu kweBhola ekhatywayo. IKomkhulu yalo yeyaseBrasília, kanti idolophu enkulu ngabaantu yiSão Paulo.

IJografi

IBrazil lolona nxalenye likhulu, laseMpumalanga nentla-mpuma yeMzantsi Melika.

• Ubume bomhlaba: Ubume beli lizwe bukwahlukahlukene kakhulu, ukusuka kwiintaba eziphakamileyo ukuya kumanxuwa olwandle athe tye. Ngaphakathi elizweni, ingingqi yolwandle isinika indawo ebanzi yentlambo yoMlambo iAmazon.
• I-Amazon: Umaleko omkhulu wejografi yiAmazon Basin, apho kufumaneka khona uMlambo i-Amazon, uMlambo omde kakhulu ehlabathini (okanye owesibini omde kakhulu emva kweNayile), kunye neHlathi lase-Amazon, eliyikhaya lezilwanyana nezityalo ezininzi.
• Imimandla: Eli lizwe lahlulwe laba yimimandla emihlanu: Umntla, uMntla-mpuma, uMbindi-Ntshona, uMazantsi-mpuma, kunye noMazantsi.
• Mozulu: Imeko yemozulu eBrazil yeyetropiki ikakhulu, ngamaqondo obushushu angatshintshiyo. Emazantsi, imozulu ifana netemperate, kwaye ibanda kancinane ngexesha lasebusika.

IMbali

Ixesha lobukoloni

Ngaphambi kokufika kwabantu baseYurophu, iBrazil yayihlala izizwe ezininzi zabantu boMthonyama. Ngo-1500, umhloli wePhuthukezi, uPedro Álvares Cabral, wafika kwindawo ngoku eyiBrazil, kwaye wayibanga iPhuthukezi.

Kungekudala, iPhuthukezi yaqalisa ukwenza izityalo ezikhulu ze-Umdiza weswekile, kwaye ngenxa yesi sizathu, iBrazil yaba yindawo enkulu yokuthenga nokuthengisa ngabakhoboka base-Afrika. Eli lizwe lafaka abakhoboka abaninzi baseAfrika kunalo naliphi na ilizwe laseMelika.

Inkululeko nokuba yiRiphabliki

• Inkululeko: NgoSeptemba 7, 1822, iBrazil yabhengezwa ukuba ilizwe elizimeleyo nguDom Pedro I, unyana weKumkani yasePhuthukezi, yaza yasekwa njengobukumkani (i-Empire yaseBrazil).

• Ukupheliswa kobukhoboka: Ubukhoboka bapheliswa ngokusemthethweni kuphela ngoMeyi 13, 1888, ngokuqulunqwa kweLei Áurea (uMthetho oyiGolide), kwaye yaba lilizwe lokugqibela eNtshona ukukwenza oku.

• IRiphabliki: Ngo-1889, kwabakho coup d'état (ukuthathelwa amandla angaphandle komthetho) ngumkhosi, kwaye iBrazil yaba yiRiphabliki.

Abalemi neelwimi

IBrazil lilizwe elineentlanga ezininzi neli-ethnic (i-mix yeentlanga).

• Inani labantu: Malunga ne-91% yabantu baseBrazil bahlala kwiindawo zasemadolophini.

• Ulwimi: IsiPhuthukezi lulwimi olusemthethweni kwaye luqhelekile. Kukho neelwimi ezingama-200 zoMthonyama ezithethwayo.

• Inkolo: Uninzi lwabantu lungamaKristu (ama-83.6%), ingakumbi iKatolika (ama-56.75%).

Uqoqosho

IBrazil ineyona qoqosho likhulu eLatin Melika, kwaye ngoku iqwalaselwa njengequmrhu elibalulekileyo kwihlabathi liphela. Lililungu leBRICS.

• Ezolimo: Eli lizwe ngelinye lawona alimo makhulu ehlabathini. Liyinkokeli ekwenzeni ikofu, iimbotyi zesoya, iswekile, kunye nenyama yenkomo neyeenkukhu.

• Imisebenzi Yemigodi: IBrazil ityebile kakhulu kumaminerali, kuquka i-iron ore, i-bauxite (i-ore ye-aluminum), netini.

• Imizi-mveliso: Idume ngemveliso yezithuthi, iinqwelomoya (njenge-Embraer), izixhobo zombane, kunye ne-petroleum.

• Umbingelelo: Nangona kunjalo, uqoqosho lujongene nemingeni efana nokungalingani kwengeniso kunye neengxaki zokwenza imisebenzi.

Inkcubeko

Inkcubeko yaseBrazil yimxube etyebileyo yeempembelelo zasePhuthukezi, zase-Afrika, nezabemi boMthonyama.

• ICarnival: Owona msitho waziwayo wehlabathi yiCarnival yaseRio de Janeiro, umnyhadala onomculo, ukudanisa (samba), kunye neempahla ezibengezelayo, obanjwa phambi kweLente.

• Umculo: I-Brazil lilikhaya leentlobo zomculo ezahlukileyo, njengeSamba, iBossa Nova, neForró.

• IBhola ekhatywayo: Ibhola ekhatywayo ayisiyomidlalo nje, kodwa iyinxalenye yesizwe. IBrazil yeyona ilizwe eliyintshatsheli kwiNdebe yeHlabathi kunezizwe zonke, iphumelele amaxesha amahlanu.

• Ukutya: Ukutya kuquka i-Feijoada (inyama yenkomo nenyama yehagu eneeembotyi ezimnyama) kunye ne-Churrasco (inyama eyosiweyo).

Brasil