Alice Kinloch
uAlice Kinloch litshantliziyo lamalungelo oluntu laseMzantsi Afrika, isithethi sikawonke-wonke, kunye nombhali owaseka iAfrican Association eLondon ngo-1897, waza waququzelela iNkomfa yePan-African ngo-1990. [1] [2][3][4]
Iziganeko zoBomi[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]
U-Alice Victoria Alexander Kinloch wazalelwa eKapa, eMzantsi Afrika ngo-1863. Usapho lwakhe lwafudukela eKimberley ngeminyaka yoo-1870. Ngenyanga kaJuni ka-1885, watshata no-Edmund Ndosa Kinloch kwicawa yaseSt Cyprian eKimberley. [5] [2][5]
Waya eUnited Kingdom ngo-1895 waza wazimanya ne- Aborigines Protection Society (APS), umbutho ophambili wokubhangisa kunye nombutho wamalungelo oluntu. Njengommeli we-APS, wathetha nabaphulaphuli abaninzi eLondon, eNewcastle, eYork naseManchester. Kumaqonga e-Bhritane, waxoxa ngeemeko zaseMzantsi Afrika. Isihloko sakhe ibisithi "impatho embi yabantu bomthonyama kuMzantsi Afrika uphela, ingakumbi iCompound System efumaneka kuzo zonke izithili zemigodi". [2] [6]
Kamva, wapapasha iphecana elithi 'Ingabe iiDayimani zoMzantsi Afrika zixabisa indleko yazo?' . Njengenxalenye yaloo ngxelo, uchaze iimeko zobomi kwiikhompawundi zemigodi njenge "ezifana namakhoboka" kwaye waphikisana nemithetho yamapasi eNatal. [5] [6]
UKinloch waseka uMbutho waseAfrika ngo-1897 kunye namagqwetha awayenqwenela uHenry Sylvester-Williams kunye noThomas John Thompson waseTrinidad naseSierra Leone. Njengonondyebo weAfrican Association, uKinloch wabuyela eMzantsi Afrika ngoFebruwari 1898 waza, kunye noMbutho waseAfrika, waququzelela iNkomfa yokuqala yePan-African ngo-1990. [5] [1][5]
Iimbekiselo[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Mbete, Sithembile (2021-10-28) "On, South Africa, race and the making of international relations, the Francesco Giucciardini prize forum" Cambridge Review of International Affairs: 1–4 ISSN 0955-7571 doi:10.1080/09557571.2021.1994314 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":3" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Black Plaque Project — Alice Kinlock" Black Plaque Project (in en-US) retrieved 2021-11-03 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Killingray, David (2012-09-01) "Significant Black South Africans in Britain before 1912: Pan-African Organisations and the Emergence of South Africa's First Black Lawyers" South African Historical Journal 64 (3): 393–417 ISSN 0258-2473 doi:10.1080/02582473.2012.675810
- ↑ Adi, Hakim (2019-05-23) "Women and Pan-Africanism" Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History (in English) doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.559 retrieved 2021-11-03
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Killingray, David (September 2012) "Significant Black South Africans in Britain before 1912: Pan-African Organisations and the Emergence of South Africa's First Black Lawyers" South African Historical Journal 64 (3): 393–417 ISSN 0258-2473 doi:10.1080/02582473.2012.675810 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 6.0 6.1 Adi, Hakim (2019-05-23) "Women and Pan-Africanism" Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History (in English) doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.559 retrieved 2021-11-03 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":4" defined multiple times with different content