UbuKumkani bamaBritane
UbuKumkani bamaBritane babungamandla amakhulu. Buneengingqi eziphantsi kolwawulo lobUnitedKindom. Obu buKumkani bobona bakhe babukhulu ezimbalini.
Kwincakami yayo, ilawula umhlaba obukhulu bungama-23%. Bangaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-458 abantu abathi babekwa phantsi kolawulo lobuKumkani baseBritane. Obu buKumkani babusaziwa ngokokuba bobona bukumkani bobukoloni bakhe babukhulu ezimbalini. (abanye abantu bacinga okokuba ubuKumkani bamaMongol bobona bukhulu. Namhlanje, uninzi lwamalungu abo akwikwiBhunga lezizwe zonke. Eyona ndawo eyayisaziwa kakhulu kubuKumkani bamaBritane yinkampani ekuthiwa yi-British East India Company iNkampani yorhwebelwano lwaseEast India]]. Le nkampani yaqala njengeshishini elincinane njengokuba sele siyibona inkulu kangaka nje namhlanje, kunjalo nje abantu abaninzi baxhomekeke kuyo. Ngelo xesha iBritane yayisesona sizwe sakhe sanamandla kwihlabathi lonke jikelele.
I-Ngilane yaza yaqalisa eyayo indlela eya kubukumkani behlabathi. Kwinkulungwane ye-17 yeminyaka, yaqala ukwenza amazwe ase-Mntla-Melika amakoloni kunye ne-India. Oku kwakhokelela kudushe apho yoyiswa khona i-Netherlands ne-France eyayikhuphisana nazo emva kokuba koyiswe i-Spain. Emva kwemfazwe yamaNgesi namaDatshi nasemva kwemiNyaka yeMfazwe esiXhenxe, I-Britane yawathabathela kuyo phantse onke amazwe amabini, iDatshi neFrance iwathabathela kwihlabathi elitsha naseAsia. Nangona amazwe awathathwa ngobukoloni baseMelika athi afumana inkululeko ngo-1776, akuzange kubonakalise futhe kubuKumkani. Ngo-1919, emva koloyiso lweBritane kwiMfazwe yokuQala kwiHlabathi, yafika kanye kwixesha layo lempumelelo. Abantu ababekho kwinkulungwane ye-19 bathi "UbuKumkani bamaBritane abutshonelwa langa kodwa emva kweMfazwe yesibini kwiHlabathi, bawa ubuKumkani bamaBritane.
UbukumKani baseBritane babubonwa ngamanye amazwe nje ngobukumakani obungumzekelo, ingakumbi amaJamani awaziwayo. I-Jamani yona yasuka yathi gqolo ngomkhwa wokuqhwaya imfazwe e-Yurophu. Esinye sezizathu zoko yayikukufuna ubukumkani obufana nobaseBritane.
Emva kweMfazwe yesibini kwiHlabathi, yaqala iBritane yabuyisela amazwe eyayiwathimbile kubaniniwo, kwathiwa ke oko bubukoloni. I-Britane yagqiba kwelokokuba ibuyisele laa mazwe kuba iMfazwe yesibini kwihlabathi yayishiya ingentanto, ihluphekile. Kananjalo, abantu abaninzi ababephantsi kolawulo lobuKumkani babeqhankqalazela ukuwalawula ngokwabo amazwe abo.
Enye yeendawo zokugqibela kubuKumkani bamaBritane kwabayiHong-Kong. I-Hong Kong yaabuyiselwa e-China ngo-1997. I-Britane yasigcina isikhundla sayo nje'ngeNgangalala' ngo-1982 ngeMfazwe yaseFalklands, imfazwe eyayiphakathi kwayo ne-Argentina bebanga isiqithi sase-Falkland.
Zilishumi elinesine iindawo ezimi ngaphandle kweziqithi zase-Britane nezisephantsi kotshutshiso lwase Britane. Ngo-2002 ezi ndawo zili-14 zabizwa ngokuba ziziphaluka zaseBritane eziphesheya kweelwandle.