Perugia
Perugia , yidolophu yaseItali enabemi abayi 161 593 , ikomkhulu lephondo elinegama elifanayo, kunye nommandla we Umbria .
Ihlaziywe ngama- Etruscans kwindawo yokuhlala yase-Umbrian esele ikhona, ngexesha layo leminyaka engamawaka amathathu yobomi yayiyenye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo ze-Etruria phantsi kwegama elithi Perusna . Udonga lokuqala lwesixeko sase-Etruscan, lusabonakala namhlanje kwiindawo ezininzi, luvale iColle Landone kunye neColle del Sole, apho kumi i-acropolis. Ngeziko elikhulu lembali, i-asymmetrically ibekwe kuluhlu lweenduli kumgama omfutshane ukusuka eTiber, isixeko sigcina ukubonakala kwexesha eliphakathi kunye nezipho - sinikwe ukhetho lwezicwangciso zedolophu zolawulo oluqala ukusuka kwi-1950s - ukuqhubeka ngokugqibeleleyo kunye nezithili ezintsha. ikhule kwiindawo ezithe tyaba, kunye needolophu ezininzi ezisasazeke kumhlaba omkhulu kamasipala (kunye ne-449.51 yayo I-km² yeye -11 ngobukhulu e-Itali ) kunye nenkitha yeendawo zokuhlala ezinemveliso, iindawo eziluhlaza kunye nezixhobo zemidlalo.
Ilizwe lamagcisa afana Perugino, Pinturicchio, Galeazzo Alessi, Vincenzo Danti, Guglielmo Calderini kwaye Gerardo Dottori, isixeko sasiyindawo - ngakumbi ngexesha le- Italian Renaissance - ukuqeqeshwa kobugcisa bobuntu obubalulekileyo njengoRaffaello Sanzio, uPietro Arellatino, uPietro dellatino UFrancesca noLuca Signorelli . Esi sixeko sasikwayindawo yokuzalwa yesazi sezibalo kunye nesazi ngeenkwenkwezi u-Ignazio Danti, owathi wayiguqula indlela yokuzotywa kwemifanekiso yale mihla kwaye wayitshintsha ikhalenda ngokuyitshintsha isuka kwiJulian yayisa kwikhalenda kaGregory kunye noCesare Ripa, isifundiswa seRenaissance kunye nendoda eneeleta, edume ngezifundo zayo. kwi- iconology .
IsiXeko sobugcisa esityebileyo kwimbali kunye nezikhumbuzo, iPerugia yindawo yenkcubeko, imveliso kunye nolawulo lommandla, kunye neendawo zabakhenkethi bamazwe ngamazwe. IYunivesithi yasePerugia (1308) yenye yezona zindala e- Itali nakwihlabathi. Esi sixeko sikwalikhaya lesibini kwiziko lemfundo endala eItali, iPietro Vannucci Academy of Fine Arts (1570), kunye nekhaya kwelinye lamathala eencwadi oluntu okuqala, iThala leencwadi laseAugusta (1592).