Idolophu

umzekelo wedolophana esesiqithini

Idolophu idla ngokuba yindawo enenyambalala yezindlu, kodwa singenakuthi sisixeko. Kaloku kwizixeko, zininzi iindlela zokuchaza okokuba iyintoni na kanye idolophu, uchaza ngokwamazwe-ngamazwe. Kwezinye iindawo, ziluhlobo oluthile lukarhulumente wengingqi. 

NgesiNgesi, amaNgesi alisebenzisa eli gama lithi 'dolophu' njengegama elisetyenziswa mihla le xa kubhekiswa kwiindawo ezinentaphane yezindlu (kwanezixeko ngokunjalo). Xa bethetha ngegama elithi "dolophu" basuka bacinge ngendawo enkulu nebalulekileyo. Umzekelo, iLondon sisixeko, kodwa abantu bayibiza njenge"dolophu yaseLondon" ("isixeko saseLondon" yindawo yaseLondon apho kukho inqwaba yeebhanki). Kananjalo, xa uvela ngaphandle ungena ngaphakathi kanye kumbindi weLondon "uya edolophini"

Xa sithetha ngokuphangaleleyo, umahluko phakathi kwedolophu neelali, zizinto ezifumaneka ngemali abanazo, nemithombo yemali abayifumanayo.   abantu ezidolophini bahlala befumana imali kumashishini (kwimizi yemveliso, njalo njalo), kwintengiso (ezivenkileni njalo njalo) nokusebenzela uwonke-wonke (ukusebenzela idolophu) ungasebenzeli ezolimo (utyale imifuno neziqhamo).

Inani labantu abahlala kuloo ndawo ithile alisixeleli okokuba yidolophu okanye yilali le bahlala kuyo. Kwindawo ezininzi apha ehlabathini, umzekelo, eIndia, ilali enkulu inganabantu abaninzi ngokuthe chatha kunabantu abakwilali encinane. Kananjalo kunzima ukutsho ugqibelele okokuba indawo yidolophu kuba kwezi ntsuku siphila kuzo, ezinye iidolophu ziya zisibankulu ngokuba nkulu, kwaye kwezinye iindawo abantu bahlala ezilalini okanye kufuphi nedolophu babe besebenza edolophini.  

Ngamanye amaxesha indawo iba yidolophu kuba inegama elithi "sixeko" ngokwasemthethweni. Ngangona kunjalo, abantu people basoloko besithi yidolophu kuba incinane. Kwiminyaka yamandulo,  indawo ibisaya kuba yidolophu ngokommiselo, ize ke ngoko ibekwinqanaba lokuba yidolophu.  

The United States

KubuRhulumente bezizwe zaseMelika ezimanyeneyo, intsingiselo yegama elithi 'dolophu' yahlukile kwisizwe ngasinye, ezinye izizwe, idolophu yidolophu xa isizwe sisithi yidolophu. Kanti kwezinye ezinye izizwe, umzekelo, iWisconsin, idolophu  sisahlulo sePhondo ("kanye njenge "parish" eLouisiana). Kwezinye izizwe, umzekelo eMichigan, igama elithi "dolophu" alinayo intsingiselo ngokwaseburhulumenteni kwaye abantu balisebenzisa nakweyophi na indawo enabantu abaninzi.  

Kuburhulumente besithandathu baseNew England, idolophu yindawana nje kwiphondo, kwaye kobu burhulumente, yeyona ndawo ibalulekileyo kunephondo.  Kwisiqithi saseConnecticut nase Rhode, amaphondo abonakala nje kwiimephu kodwa akanagunya. Kwamanye amazwe amane ngokwaseburhulumenteni, amaphondo ziindawo ezinamagunya ubukhulu becala. Amaphondo aneminye imisebenzi axhaphake kwiNew Hampshire naseVermont. Kuzo zontandathu, iidolophu zenza izinto ezenziwa kuninzi lwamanye amaphondo.  Kuninzi lwezi dolophu, iindibano zedolophu zingundoqo wohlobo lukarhulumente, ngoko ke abahlali bayakwazi ukuxela into eyenzekileyo kwiindawo abahlala kuzo ngokwendlela ekhululekileyo nangokwesininzi sabo ngqo.   

E-New York, idolophu isoloko iyindawana encinane yesizwe, kodwa ayibalulekanga kangako eNew England. E-New York, idolophu inika abantu amandla ngokubanzi kunakwiphondo lalyo, iziza phantse zonke inkonzo zasezidolophini kwindawo ezingezodolophu, ezibizwa ngokuba ziilali, kanti ezinye iinkonzo zisiwa kwiindawo ezisedolophini, nezibizwa ngokuba ziivillages. E-New York, idolophu idla ngokuba neehamlets kunye neevillages. Kodwa, kuba iivillages zinamandla ngaphandle kweedolophu   (zizimele) zingakwiidolophu ezimbini okanye kumaphondo amabini. Wonke umntu kurhulumente waseNew York  ongahlali kwindawo ebekelwe amaIndiya  (indawo ebekelwe amaNdiya aseMelika ngokukodwa) okanye isixeko uhlaa edolophini, kwaye mhlawumbi angahlal kwenye yeehamlets okanye yeevillages zasedolophini.  

I-Virginia, yidolophu efanayo nesixeko, kodwa isenokuba nenani labantu elinganeno kuyo. Ngokomthetho wezixeko zaseVirginia ziingingqi ezizimeleyo (zinamagunya okanye amandla ngaphandle kwamaphondo), iidolophu ziyinxalenye zamaphondo.

E-Ngilane naseWales

E-Ngilane naseWales, igama elithi i"sixeko" leleendawo ezinommiselo weKomkhulu kuphela (iphepha elibalulekileyo) lithi zinganalo elo gama. ngaphambili phaya, izixeko bezihlala zisiba necathedral.

Ngaphambili indawo ibisaya kuba yidolophu ingabiyolali, xa isoloko isiba neentengiso (xa isiba nentengiso ngamaxesha athile). Kukho ezinye iilali zamaNgesi (umzekelo, iKidlington, eOxfordshire) ezinkulu kakhulu kunezinye iidolophana (umzekelo eMiddleham, eNorth Yorkshire).