Ibhola (Ibhola ekhatywayo)
Ibhola ekhatywayo yibhola esetyenziswa kumdlalo webhola ekhatywayo. Igama lebhola liyohluka ngokokuba umdlalo ubizwa ngokuba yi "football", "soccer", okanye "association football". Ubume bebhola obungqukuva, kunye nobukhulu bayo, ubunzima, ubunzima, kunye nokwakheka kwayo, kuchazwa nguMthetho wesi-2 weMithetho yoMdlalo egcinwe yiBhodi yeHlabathi yeBhola eKhatywayo. [1] Ukongeza, imigangatho engqongqo ngakumbi icaciswa yiFIFA kunye namanye amabhunga amakhulu olawulo kwiibhola ezisetyenziswa kukhuphiswano abazigwebayo.
Iibhola zebhola zakuqala zaqala njengezilwanyana zezilwanyana okanye izisu eziza kuhlukana ngokulula xa zikhatywa kakhulu. Uphuculo lwaba nokwenzeka ngenkulungwane ye-19 ngokusungulwa kwerabha kunye nokufunyanwa kwe-vulcanization nguCharles Goodyear . Idizayini yebhola ye-32 yanamhlanje yaphuhliswa kwi-1962 ngu -Eigil Nielsen, kwaye uphando lwezobuchwepheshe luqhubeka nokuphuhlisa iibhola zebhola kunye nokusebenza okuphuculweyo. Idizayini yebhola yeepaneli ezingama-32 yakhawuleza yadityaniswa neebhola zepaneli ezingama-24 kunye neebhola ezingama-42, ezo zombini ziphucule ukusebenza ngaphambi kowama-2007.[ ucaphulo olufunekayo ]
Uyilo lwe -icosahedron olucinyiweyo olumnyama-namhlophe, oluziswe ukubalasela yi- Adidas Telstar, lube luphawu lombutho webhola ekhatywayo . [2] Uyilo oluninzi olwahlukeneyo lweebhola lukhona, luyohluka zombini ngenkangeleko kunye neempawu zomzimba. [3]
- ↑ Mazhar, Talha "citation" fifa.com Fifa archived from the original on 15 December 2022 retrieved 15 December 2022 Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Kotschick, Dieter (2006) "The Topology and Combinatorics of Soccer Balls" American Scientist 94 (4): 350–357 doi:10.1511/2006.60.1001 archived from the original on 3 October 2020 retrieved 3 October 2019 Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Hong, Sungchan; Asai, Takeshi (29 May 2014) "Effect of panel shape of soccer ball on its flight characteristics" Scientific Reports 4 (1): 5068 Bibcode:2014NatSR...4E5068H PMC 4038026 PMID 24875291 doi:10.1038/srep05068