User talk:Zanolwazi
Nelson Mandela[Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]
U-Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (/manˈdɛlə/;[1] 18 EyeKhala 1918 – 5 EyoMnga 2013) wayeyinzalelwano yese-Mzantsi Afrika netshantliziyo elalilwela inkululeko yesizwe.Waba ngumongameli wentando yesininzi yokuqala yoMzantsi Afrika ukusukela ngonyaka wama-1994 ukuya kowe 1999. Urhulumente wakhe waqwalasela ekakhulu ekupheliseni ucalucalulo, ubuhlanga nasekusekeni uxolaxolwaniso.Waba ngumongameli wombutho we African Natioanl Congress (ANC ) ukusukela kunyaka wama 1991 ukuya kowe 1997.
U-Mandelwa wazalwa kwilali yase Mvezo kwindlu yobukhosi yabaThembu yesizwe samaXhosa. Wenza izifundo zomthetho kwi YuniveithiyaseFort Hare eDikeni nakwi Univesithi yaseWitwatersrand phambi kokuba abeliqwhetha e-Rhawutini. Kulapho e-Rhawatini apho athe wangenela khona insthukumo zokulwela impatho -mbi yorumlumente wocalucalulo. Uye ke wazibandakanya nombutho we ANC ngonyaka wama1943 wase wangomnye wabaseki bombutho wolutsha I-ANCYL ngo 1944. Emva kokuba umbutho wabamhlobphe bodwa iNational Party yathi yaseka urhulumente wabamhlophe kuphela yabuya yaseka impatho yocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga eyathi yalungiselea impatho engcono kwabamhlophe , yena ne -ANC bathi bazimisela ekubhukuqeni lorhulumente wocalucalulo.U-Mandela wonyulwa njengomongameli wesebe leANC eTRANSVAAL , wakhula wayakubakayeka ne Defiance Campaign ngowama 1952 kunye ne-Congress of the People ngowama 1955. Uye wabuyebanjawa ngentshukumo zakhe zokuvukela urhulumente wocalucalulo waza ngonyaka wama 1956 wathutshiselwa ukungcatsha umbuso .Elo rhelenqe lokumtshurshisa alizange kodwa liphumelele. Emphenjelelwa zimbnono zikaMarx, wathi wazibandakanya nombutho wamakomanisi omzantsi afrika ( South African Communist Party (SACP))ngokufihlakeleyo.Nakubeni kuqala wayezimisele kuqhanqalazo olungenabudlobengela, esebinzisana ne SACP waseka umbutho wamadelakufa Umkhonto we Sizwe ngonyaka wama 1961 waza wakhokela iphulo lokonakalisa ngabom ekuchaseni ukrulumente wocalucalulo. Ngonyaka wama 1962, wabanjelwa iyelenqe lokubhukuqa umbuso waza wagwetywa ubomi entologweni kwityala lase Rivonia .
U-Mandela wakhonza iminyaka eli 27 entolongweni, esiqithi i Robben Island, and waqgibezela isigwebokwintolongo yase Pollsmoor nase Victor Verster. Phantsi koxinezelelo lwamazwe ngamazwe noloyiko olukhulayo lwenfazwe yobukyaya ngokobuhlanga , umongameli F. W. de Klerk wamkhululankonyaka we 1990. U-Mandela no de Klerk bathethana ngeendla zokuphelisa ucalucalulo baze basekela unyulo lwesininzi natlangazonke ngonyaka we 1994 nalapho u-Mandela wakhokelela i-ANC kwimpumelelo waba ngumongameli wesizwe .Ekhokele urhulumente obanzi wembumba nowathi wabhengeza umgaqo siseko omtsha, u-Mandela wagxininisa uxolelwaniso phakathi kwentlanga ngetlanga ezahlukeneyo elizweni waze waseka ikomishoni yenyani noxolelwaniso (Truth and Reconciliation Commission ) ukuphanda ukunyhashwa kwamalungelo oluntu kumaxesha angaphampili phantsi kwempatho yorhulumente wocalucalulo.
Kwezoqoqosho , urhulumente kaMandela wazigcina izikhokelo zokwamkela imbono ezahlukileyo zomanduleli wakhe nangona wayenenkolelo zobusoshiyali, kwaye wathi wazisa amanyathelo okukhuthaza uhlaziyo kezomhlaba, ukulwa inndlala, nokwandisa iinkonzo zokhathalelo lezempilo. Kumazwe ngamaze wadlala indima yokuba ngumlamli kwityala loqhushumbiso lwe Pan Am Flight 103 waze wakhonza njengonobhala jikelele wombutho wentshukuma ezingazibandakanyiyo(Non-Aligned Movement ) ngowe 1998 ukuya kowe 1999. Wala ukuqubeleka netyeli lakhe lesibini njengomongameli waze ngonyaka we 1999 walandelwa lisekela lakhe uThabo Mbeki. Mandela uye waligqhala waze waqwalaselana nemisebenzi yoncedo lwesisa , ukulwa indlala nesifo sengculaza ngokusebenzisana ne Nelso Mnadela Foundation.
U-Mandela wayebonya njengomntu ombono ziphikikisayo kwixesha elininzi ebomini bakhe. Nakubeni abahlalutyi basekunene bebemqalekisa njengomgrogrisi wekomanisi abasekhohlo bona bebembona njongomntu onomdla kakhulu wokuthethathethana nokuxolelanisana nabaxhasi bocalucalulo,wafumana udumo kwizizwe jikelele ngemisebenzi yakhe. Njengomto othathwa njomqondiso mmeli wedemokhrasi nobulungisa kwentlalo, wafumana amabhaso embeko angama 250 ekuquka ele Nobel Peace Prize waba ngumtu wesimo esinulwayo .Ubonwa ngentlonopho enzulu eMzantsi Afrika ,nalapho aqheleke ngesiduko sakhe sesiXhosa u-Madiba, abuya abizwe njengo "Tata wesizwe".