Uphandolwazi

Uphandolwazi luyilo kunye nomsebenzi ocwangcisiweyo owenziweyo ukwandisa isitokhwe solwazi . ^[1] Ibandakanya ukuqokelelwa, ukulungelelanisa, kunye nohlalutyo lobungqina ukwandisa ukuqonda isihloko, esiphawulwa ngononophelo oluthile lokulawula imithombo ecalanye kunye neempazamo . Le misebenzi iphawulwa ngokunika ingxelo kunye nokulawulwa kokuthatha icala. Iphulo lophandolwazi linokuba kukwandiswa komsebenzi odlulileyo kwintsimi. Ukuvavanya ukunyaniseka kwezixhobo, iinkqubo, okanye imifuniselo, uphando lunokuphinda luphindaphinde izinto zamaphulo angaphambili okanye iphulo liphelele.

Iinjongo eziphambili zophandolwazi olusisiseko (ngokuchasene nophandolwazi olusetyenzisiweyo ) ngamaxwebhu, ukufunyanwa, ukutolika, ndawonyenophando kunye nophuhliso ( R & D ) lweendlela neenkqubo zokuqhubela phambili kolwazi lomntu. Iindlela zophando zixhomekeke kwiingqiqo ngolwazi, nezithi zingafani kwizifundo zoluntu nakwezenzululwazi. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuphanda: ezenzululwazi, ezezifundo ngoluntu, ezingobugcisa, ezingoqoqosho, ezingentlalo, ezingoshishino, ukuthengisa, uphandolwazi lweengcali, ubomi, iteknoloji, njl njl.

Umphandilwazi ngumntu owenza uphandolwazi, ngakumbi ukuze afumane ulwazi olutsha okanye afikelele ekuqondeni okutsha. ^[2] Ukuze ube ngumphandi wentlalontle okanye inzululwazi yezentlalo, umntu kufuneka abe nolwazi oluninzi ngezifundo ezinxulumene nenzululwazi yentlalontle abaziingcali kuyo. Ngokufanayo, ukuze ube ngumphandilwazi wenzululwazi yendalo, umntu kufuneka abe nolwazi lweenkalo ezinxulumene nenzululwazi yendalo ( physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy, zoology, njalonjalo). Imibutho yobuchwephesha ibonelela ngendlela enye yokukhula kumsebenzi wophando. ^[3]

Imvelonyaniso

Igama elithi uphandolwazi lithatyathwe kuMbindi wesiFrentshi " recherche ", nelithetha "ukuhamba ukhangela", igama ngokwalo lithatyathwe kwigama lesiFrentshi esidala elithi "recerchier," igama elimbaxa nelisuka ku "re-" + "cerchier", okanye "sercher", elithetha 'ukukhangela'. ^[4] Ukusetyenziswa kokuqala okushicelelweyo kweli gama kwakungowe1577. ^[4]

↑ OECD (2015) Frascati Manual The Measurement of Scientific, Technological and Innovation Activities ISBN 978-9264238800 doi:10.1787/9789264239012-en archived from the original on 5 June 2020 retrieved 4 April 2020 Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |hdl= ignored (help)
↑ "Researcher" Cambridge Dictionary retrieved October 13, 2024
↑ Sha, Mandy (2019-05-14) "Professional Association and Pathways to Leadership in Our Profession" Survey Practice (in English) 12 (1): 1–6 doi:10.29115/SP-2018-0039 Unknown parameter |doi-access= ignored (help)
1 2 "Research" Merriam-Webster archived from the original on 18 October 2018 retrieved 20 May 2018 Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

[1] OECD (2015) Frascati Manual The Measurement of Scientific, Technological and Innovation Activities ISBN 978-9264238800 doi:10.1787/9789264239012-en archived from the original on 5 June 2020 retrieved 4 April 2020 Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |hdl= ignored (help)

[2] "Researcher" Cambridge Dictionary retrieved October 13, 2024

[3] Sha, Mandy (2019-05-14) "Professional Association and Pathways to Leadership in Our Profession" Survey Practice (in English) 12 (1): 1–6 doi:10.29115/SP-2018-0039 Unknown parameter |doi-access= ignored (help)

[Merriam_webster-4] 1 2 "Research" Merriam-Webster archived from the original on 18 October 2018 retrieved 20 May 2018 Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

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