Isikhwebu

Umbona yenye yezona zityalo zibalulekileyo kwezolimo eMzantsi Afrika, njengoko usetyenziswa kakhulu njengokutya kwabantu, ukutya kwemfuyo kunye nesiseko semveliso ezahlukeneyo. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yesityalo sombona sisikhwebu , kuba kulapho kugcinwa khona iinkozo ezimele isivuno somlimi. Isikhwebu sibonisa impumelelo yomsebenzi womlimi ukusuka ekulungiseni umhlaba, ekutyaleni, ekukhathaleleni isityalo, ukuya kwixesha lokuvuna (FAO, 2017). ^[1]

Ukukhula nokwakheka kwesikhwebu

Isikhwebu sombona siqala ukuba khona emva kokuba isityalo sikhule safikelela kwinqanaba lokuzala. Iinkozo zombona zikhula kumqolo omninzi ngaphakathi kwesikhwebu, zikhuselwe ngamaxolo ombona. La maxolo anceda ukukhusela iinkozo kwizifo, izinambuzane kunye nokonakaliswa ziimeko zemozulu ngexesha lokukhula kwesityalo (Shiferaw et al., 2018). ^[2]

Ubungakanani besikhwebu kunye nomgangatho weenkozo uxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi ezifana nobukho bamanzi, izondlo zomhlaba, iintlobo zembewu ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye neendlela zolawulo lwezityalo. Abalimi abasebenzisa iindlela eziphucukileyo zokulima, ezifana nokusebenzisa izichumiso ngokufanelekileyo nokulawula izitshabalalisi, banamathuba okufumana izikhwebu ezisemgangathweni ophezulu (Cairns & Prasanna, 2018). ^[3]

Ukubaluleka kwesikhwebu kubalimi nakuluntu

Kwiindawo ezininzi zasemaphandleni eMzantsi Afrika, umbona usisiseko sokutya kumakhaya amaninzi. Isikhwebu esivuthiweyo sivelisa iinkozo ezisetyenziswa ukwenza ukutya okufana nomgqusho, ipapa kunye nezinye iimveliso zombona. Ngoko ke, umgangatho wesikhwebu unxulumene ngqo nokhuseleko lokutya kumakhaya nakuluntu ngokubanzi (Stats SA, 2020).^[4]

Ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa ekutyeni kwabantu, iinkozo zombona zisetyenziswa nasekondleni izilwanyana zasefama ezifana neenkukhu, iinkomo neehagu. Oku kwenza umbona ube sisityalo esibalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwezolimo, ngakumbi kubalimi abancinci nabamashishini (FAO, 2017).^[3]

Ukuvunwa nokugcinwa kwezikhwebu

Ixesha lokuvuna libalulekile ekugcineni umgangatho wombona. Ukuba izikhwebu zivunwa zingekavuthwa ngokupheleleyo okanye zigcinwe kwindawo enobumanzi obuninzi, iinkozo zinokonakala okanye zihlaseleke zizifo ezifana nokungunda. Ukoma kakuhle kombona emva kokuvuna kunceda ekwandiseni ixesha lokugcina nokunciphisa ilahleko yesivuno (Cairns & Prasanna, 2018).^[5]

Kwiinkcubeko ezininzi zasemaphandleni, izikhwebu ziye zibotshwe okanye zigcinwe ngendlela yesintu ukuze zome kakuhle phambi kokuba iinkozo zikhutshwe. Ezi ndlela zesiNtu zibonisa ulwazi lwabalimi bendawo malunga nokugcina isivuno kunye nokulawula ukusetyenziswa kombona.

Isikhwebu asiyonto nje ithwala iinkozo zombona, koko sisisimboli somsebenzi womlimi, ukhuseleko lokutya kunye nenkcubeko yezolimo. Ukuphucula ulwazi malunga nokukhuliswa, ukuvunwa nokugcinwa kwezikhwebu kunganceda abalimi ukuba bandise imveliso yabo baze baqinisekise ukufumaneka kokutya okusemgangathweni. Ngenxa yoko, isikhwebu sihlala siyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi boluntu oluxhomekeke kwezolimo.

Imithombo Yolwazi

↑ Juhn, Daniel; Grantham, Hedley (2014-05-28) Sustainable Biofuel Crops Project, Final Report
↑ Shiferaw, Bekele; Prasanna, Boddupalli M.; Hellin, Jonathan; Bänziger, Marianne (2011-08-23) "Crops that feed the world 6. Past successes and future challenges to the role played by maize in global food security" Food Security 3 (3): 307–327 ISSN 1876-4517 doi:10.1007/s12571-011-0140-5
1 2 Cairns, Jill E; Prasanna, BM (2018-10) "Developing and deploying climate-resilient maize varieties in the developing world" Current Opinion in Plant Biology 45: 226–230 ISSN 1369-5266 doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2018.05.004 Check date values in: |date= (help)
↑ Dlamini, Moses; Venter, Hein; Eloff, Jan; Eloff, Mariki (2020-12-15) "Digital deception in cybersecurity: an information behaviour lens" Proceedings of ISIC: the information behaviour conference Pretoria, South Africa, 28th September to 1st October, 2020 (University of Borås, Borås, Sweden) doi:10.47989/irisic2018
↑ Cairns, Jill E; Prasanna, BM (2018-10) "Developing and deploying climate-resilient maize varieties in the developing world" Current Opinion in Plant Biology 45: 226–230 ISSN 1369-5266 doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2018.05.004 Check date values in: |date= (help)

[1] Juhn, Daniel; Grantham, Hedley (2014-05-28) Sustainable Biofuel Crops Project, Final Report

[2] Shiferaw, Bekele; Prasanna, Boddupalli M.; Hellin, Jonathan; Bänziger, Marianne (2011-08-23) "Crops that feed the world 6. Past successes and future challenges to the role played by maize in global food security" Food Security 3 (3): 307–327 ISSN 1876-4517 doi:10.1007/s12571-011-0140-5

[:0-3] 1 2 Cairns, Jill E; Prasanna, BM (2018-10) "Developing and deploying climate-resilient maize varieties in the developing world" Current Opinion in Plant Biology 45: 226–230 ISSN 1369-5266 doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2018.05.004 Check date values in: |date= (help)

[4] Dlamini, Moses; Venter, Hein; Eloff, Jan; Eloff, Mariki (2020-12-15) "Digital deception in cybersecurity: an information behaviour lens" Proceedings of ISIC: the information behaviour conference Pretoria, South Africa, 28th September to 1st October, 2020 (University of Borås, Borås, Sweden) doi:10.47989/irisic2018

[5] Cairns, Jill E; Prasanna, BM (2018-10) "Developing and deploying climate-resilient maize varieties in the developing world" Current Opinion in Plant Biology 45: 226–230 ISSN 1369-5266 doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2018.05.004 Check date values in: |date= (help)

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