Inyosi
Iinyosi Nokubaluleka Kwazo
Intshayelelo
[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]Inyosi sisinambuzane esincinci esibhabhayo esikwiqela le-Hymenoptera, eliquka neembovane noonomeva. Iinyosi zaziwa kakhulu ngokuqokelela incindi yeentyatyambo nomgubo weentyatyambo (ipholeni), zize zivelise ubusi. Ehlabathini kukho ngaphezu kweentlobo ezingama20 000 weenyosi, kodwa eyona yaziwa kakhulu yinyosi yobusi ngenxa yokuhlala kwayo kwiikholoni kunye nokuvelisa ubusi[1].
Imvelaphi
[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]Iinyosi bezikho emhlabeni ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi100, zikhula kunye nezityalo ezineentyatyambo. Zihlala kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezifana namahlathi, amadlelo, izitiya nakwiindawo zokulima. Ezinye iintlobo zeenyosi ziphila zodwa noxa ezinye, iinyosi izezobusi, zihlala kwiikholoni ezinkulu. Iinyosi zifumaneka kuwo onke amazwekazi ngaphandle kweAntarctica, yaye zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni indalo isempilweni[1]
Ukubaluleka Kweenyosi
[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]Iinyosi ziphakathi kwezona zisasaza umgubo weentyatyambo ngokufanelekileyo emhlabeni. Xa ziqokelela incindi yeentyatyambo, zithwala umgubo weentyatyambo ukusuka kwenye intyatyambo ziwuse kwenye. Le nkqubo inceda izityalo ukuba zivelise iziqhamo, imifuno, amandongomane kunye nembewu[2]
Iinyosi zikwanceda ekwandiseni iyantlukwano yezinto eziphilayo ngokunceda izityalo zasendle zivelise. Oku kubonelela ngokutya nendawo yokuhlala kwezinye izilwanyana ezininzi. Zikwavelisa ubusi neweksi yeenyosi, ezixabiseke kakhulu ebantwini. Uphando lubonisa ukuba iinyosi zobusi ziyakwazi ukunxibelelana ukuze zifumane iindawo ezinokutya, nto leyo ezenza zibe ngabagqwesileyo ekusasazeni umgubo weentyatyambo [3]. Indima yazo kwezolimo ibalulekile kuba zonyusa isivuno sezityalo kwaye zixhasa impilo noqoqosho lwamafama[2]
Izoyikiso Ezijongene Neenyosi
[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]Nangona iinyosi zibaluleke kakhulu, inani lazo liyancipha ngenxa yokutshatyalaliswa kweendawo ezihlala kuzo, ukusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane, izifo, ungcoliseko kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ezi ngxaki azichaphazeli kuphela iinyosi, kodwa zikwabeka emngciphekweni imveliso yokutya kunye nokugcinwa kweyantlukwano yezinto eziphilayo. Kubalulekile ukukhusela iinyosi ngokusebenzisa iindlela zolondolozo kunye nezolimo ezizinzileyo ukuze kugcinwe indalo isempilweni.[4]
Isiphelo
[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]Iinyosi zizizinambuzane ezibaluleke kakhulu kwindalo nakubomi babantu. Ngokunceda ekusasazeni umgubo weentyatyambo kwizityalo zokutya nakwizityalo zasendle, zixhasa ukuveliswa kokutya, zikhuthaza iyantlukwano yezinto eziphilayo, zize zivelise iimveliso ezixabisekileyo ezifana nobusi. Ngoko ke, ukukhusela iinyosi kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikamva elisempilweni nelizinzileyo kubantu nakwindalo[1].
Imithombo Yolwazi
[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]- 1 2 3 Michener, Charles (2007) The Bees of the World Johns Hopkins University Press ISBN 978-0-8018-9220-2
- 1 2 Klein, Alexandra-Maria; Vaissière, Bernard E; Cane, James H; Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf; Cunningham, Saul A; Kremen, Claire; Tscharntke, Teja (2006-10-27) "Importance of pollinators in changing landscapes for world crops" Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274 (1608): 303–313 ISSN 0962-8452 doi:10.1098/rspb.2006.3721
- ↑ Frisch, Karl von (1993-12-31) The Dance Language and Orientation of Bees Harvard University Press ISBN 978-0-674-41876-9
- ↑ Goulson, Dave; Nicholls, Elizabeth; Botías, Cristina; Rotheray, Ellen L. (2015-03-27) "Bee declines driven by combined stress from parasites, pesticides, and lack of flowers" Science 347 (6229) ISSN 0036-8075 doi:10.1126/science.1255957