Emthonjeni Fairview Spring

Emthonjeni Fairview Spring yindawo enomthombo wamanzi wendalo okummandla waseFairview eMakhanda (eyayisaziwa njengeGrahamstown), kwiPhondo leMpuma Koloni, eMzantsi Afrika. Lo mthombo waziwa njengomnye wemithombo yamanzi eMakhanda kwaye ubalulekile ngenxa yegalelo lawo ekuboneleleni uluntu ngamanzi, ukuxhasa inkqubo yendalo kunye nokugcina iyantlukwano yezinto eziphilayo. Uphando lubonisa ukuba lo mgxobhozo ugubungela indawo emalunga neehektare ezingama 46 kwaye umi malunga nemigama emine ukusuka kumbindi weMakhanda ecaleni kwendlela iR67 eya ePort Alfred.^[1]

Imbali

Ngokophando olwenziwe nguSinchembe noEllery (2010), lo mthombo waphuhliswa ngeminyaka yoo 1860 ngokugrunjwa kwequla elalinzulu lizaliswe ngamanzi aphuma emhlabeni. Eli qula lagcwaliswa ngamatye kunye negrabile, kwaze kwakhiwa umbhobho wentsimbi owawukhupha amanzi ukuze asetyenziswe luluntu. Kamva, iiRoyal Engineers zaphuhlisa inkqubo yokusasaza la manzi ukuze abe ngomnye wemithombo yokuqala yamanzi kawonke-wonke eMakhanda. Le nkqubo yaba negalelo elikhulu ekukhuleni kwesixeko nasekuboneleleni abahlali ngamanzi acocekileyo.^[1] Nangona iziseko zonikezelo lwamanzi kaMasipala ziye zaphuhliswa kule minyaka ilandelayo, umthombo waqhubeka usetyenziswa ngenxa yokuthembeka kokuphuma kwamanzi acocekileyo. Ukubaluleka kwalo mthombo kwaphinda kwabonakala ngexesha leengxaki zamanzi ezichaphazele iMakhanda, ngakumbi ngo 2019, xa amawaka abahlali ayexhomekeke kuwo ngenxa yokuphazamiseka konikezelo lwamanzi kaMasipala.^[2]

Indawo

eMthonjeni Fairview Spring ifumaneka kummandla waseFairview kumhlaba ophantsi kolawulo lukaMasipala waseMakana. Lo mgxobhozo uquka indawo enamanzi angapheliyo, iindawo ezimanzi ngamaxesha athile kunye neendawo ezomayo ngamanye amaxesha, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ube yindawo ebalulekileyo kwindalo.^[1] Uphando lubonisa ukuba amanzi alo mthombo aphuma kwiWitteberg Quartzite, uhlobo lwamatye olwaziwa ngokuvelisa amanzi asemgangathweni ophezulu ngenxa yokuba lusebenza njengesihluzo sendalo.^[3]

Ukubaluleka kwindalo

Ngokophando lukaSinchembe noEllery (2010), lomthombo ubonelela ngeenkonzo ezininzi zendalo ezibalulekileyo. Ezi ziquka ukulawula ukuhamba kwamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, ukucoca amanzi ngokwendalo, ukunciphisa ukhukuliseko lomhlaba kunye nokuxhasa izityalo nezilwanyana ezixhomekeke kwimigxobhozo. Nangona impilo yomgxobhozo iye yachaphazeleka ngenxa yokwakhiwa kweendlela, ukwanda kwezityalo ezingezizo ezemveli kunye nezinye iinguqu kusetyenziso lomhlaba ukusukela ngo 1949, abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi omthombo ngabahlali kunefuthe elincinci kakhulu kwimpilo yomgxobhozo xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izinto ezichaphazela indawo.^[1]

Ukubaluleka kuluntu

eMthonjeni Fairview Spring ibalulekile kubahlali baseMakhanda, ngakumbi ngamaxesha apho kukho ukunqongophala kwamanzi. KweyoMqungu ku 2019, emva kokuqhuma kombhobho wamanzi, amakhulu abantu bebesima imigca iiyure ezininzi ukuze bakhe amanzi kulo mthombo. Lo mthombo ubusoloko ubonelela ngamanzi kubahlali ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo 1860, nto leyo ebonisa ukubaluleka kwawo kwimbali nakubomi bemihla ngemihla. Abahlali basebenzisa amanzi asuka kulomthombo ukusela, ukupheka, ukuhlamba kunye nezinye iimfuno zasekhaya xa iinkonzo zikamasipala zazingasebenzi kakuhle.^[2]

Umgangatho wamanzi

Ngexesha leengxaki zamanzi, kwabakho imibuzo malunga nokhuseleko lwamanzi aphuma eMthonjeni Fairview Spring. Ngokwengxelo kaCleary (2019), uGqr Jane Tanner, owayeyiNtloko yeHydrology kwi-Institute for Water Research kwiYunivesithi iRhodes, wachaza ukuba amanzi alo mthombo asemgangathweni ophezulu.^[3] Oku kubangelwa kukuba aphuma kwiWitteberg Quartzite kwaye indawo apho amanzi aqokelelwa khona ikude nemithombo emininzi enokubangela ungcoliseko. Nangona kunjalo, iingcali zacebisa ukuba kuqhubekekwe nokuvavanywa komgangatho wamanzi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukhuseleko lwawo kwixesha elizayo.^[3]

Imithombo yolwazi

1 2 3 4 Sinchembe, M; Ellery, W N (2010-12-24) "Human impacts on hydrological health and the provision of ecosystemservices: a case study of the eMthonjeni–Fairview Spring Wetland, Grahamstown, South Africa" African Journal of Aquatic Science (in English) 35 (3): 227–239 ISSN 1608-5914 doi:10.2989/16085914.2010.538508
1 2 "How safe is Makhanda’s groundwater? – Grocott's Mail" (in en-US) 2019-06-11 retrieved 2026-07-17
1 2 3 "Residents queue for hours as spring slows to a trickle – Grocott's Mail" (in en-US) 2019-01-21 retrieved 2026-07-17

[:0-1] 1 2 3 4 Sinchembe, M; Ellery, W N (2010-12-24) "Human impacts on hydrological health and the provision of ecosystemservices: a case study of the eMthonjeni–Fairview Spring Wetland, Grahamstown, South Africa" African Journal of Aquatic Science (in English) 35 (3): 227–239 ISSN 1608-5914 doi:10.2989/16085914.2010.538508

[:1-2] 1 2 "How safe is Makhanda’s groundwater? – Grocott's Mail" (in en-US) 2019-06-11 retrieved 2026-07-17

[:2-3] 1 2 3 "Residents queue for hours as spring slows to a trickle – Grocott's Mail" (in en-US) 2019-01-21 retrieved 2026-07-17

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