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Chris Hani

Livela

UChris Hani (28 EyeSilimela 1942) 10 Tshazimpuzi 1993; wazalwa nguMartin Thembisile Hani SSA, i-SBS, i-CLS, i-DMG, i-MMS) yayingumlawuli womkhosi waseMzantsi Afrika, ipolitiki kunye nomzabalazo. Wayeyinkokeli yeQela lamaKomanisi laseMzantsi Afrika (i-SACP) kunye nentloko yabasebenzi baseMkhonto weSizwe (MK), iphiko langaphambili le -African National Congress (ANC). Wayengumchasi oqotho wocalucalulo, waza wabulawa nguJanusz Waluś, umphambukeli wasePoland nowayengumlandeli weqela eliphikisayo lamaConservative ngomhla weshumi, Tshazimpuzi 1993, ngexesha lezidubedube ezandulela ukutshintshela kwintando yesininzi .

Ubomi bakhe kunye nemfundo

[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]

UMartin Thembisile Hani wazalwa ngomhla wama-28 kweyeSilimela ngo-1942 [1] kwilali yamaXhosa eCofimvaba, eTranskei. Uyise, uGilbert Hani, wayengumsebenzi weqela labasebenzi basemigodini kunye nomlweli wezopolitiko owashiya ilizwe waya elubhacweni ngo-1962 waza wabuyela eMzantsi Afrika ngo-1991. Umama wakhe, uMary Hani, wayengazange aye esikolweni. UChris wayengowesihlanu kubantwana abathandathu. [2]

Wafunda kwisikolo saseLovedale ngo-1957, ukuze agqibezele iminyaka yakhe emibini yokugqibela. Wagqiba amabanga esikolo amabini ngonyaka omnye. Xa uHani wayeneminyaka eli-12 ubudala, emva kokuva ingcaciso kayise malunga nocalucalulo kunye ne- African National Congress (ANC), wayefuna indela yongenela i-ANC kodwa wayesemncinci kakhulu ukuba amkelwe. [2] Kwisikolo saseLovedale, uHani wangenela i-ANC Youth League xa wayeneminyaka eli-15 ubudala, nangona imisebenzi yezopolitiko yayingavumelekanga kwizikolo zabantu abamnyama phantsi kocalucalulo. Waphembelela abanye abafundi ukuba bangenela i-ANC. [2] UHani waqala ukubandakanyeka kwintshukumo yoManyano, ngaphambi kokuba aphenjelelwe ukuba avumelane ne-ANC ngenxa yobundlongondlongo beqela malunga nemizabalazo yabantu abaninzi. Ababhali abafana noGovan Mbeki badlale indima ebalulekileyo ekuguqukeni kwakhe kwezopolitiko. [3]

Ngo-1959, kwidyunivesithi yaseFort Hare eAlice, eMpuma Koloni, uHani wafunda isiNgesi, isiLatini, [2] kunye noncwadi lwanamhlanje nolwakudala. [4] Wayekwaphumelele kwidyunivesithi yaseRhodes . [5]

Ukubulawa kwakhe

[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]

UChris Hani wabulawa ngomhla weshumi kaTshazimpuzi 1993 ngaphandle kwekhaya lakhe eDawn Park, idolophu yaseBoksburg enabantu abahlukeneyo ngokobuhlanga. Wahlaselwa ngumphambukeli wasePoland owayechasene nobukomanisi ogama linguJanusz Waluś, owamdubula xa wayephuma emotweni yakhe. [6] [7] UWaluś wabaleka kwindawo yesiganeko kodwa wabanjwa kungekudala emva kokuba uMargareta Harmse, umfazi omhlophe ongumAfrikaner, ebone uWaluś emva nje kolwaphulo-mthetho njengoko wayedlula ngemoto, waza wabiza amapolisa. Ummelwane kaHani naye walubona olu lwaphulo-mthetho waza kamva wafumanisa uWaluś kunye nesithuthi awayesiqhuba ngelo xesha. UClive Derby-Lewis, ilungu lePalamente eliphezulu le-Conservative Party yaseMzantsi Afrika kunye noMphathiswa weMicimbi yezoQoqosho ngelo xesha, owayeboleke uWaluś isibhamu sakhe, naye wabanjwa ngenxa yokubandakanyeka ekubulaweni kukaHani. [8] I-Conservative Party yaseMzantsi Afrika yayiphumile kwi-National Party elawulayo ngenxa yokuchasa utshintsho lukaPW Botha. Emva konyulo luka-1989, yayiliqela lesibini elinamandla kwiNdlu yoWiso-mthetho, emva kweNational Party, kwaye yayichasene nokuchithwa kocalucalulo nguFW de Klerk.

Ubomi basekhaya

[tshintsha | Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo]

UHani watshata noLimpho ngo-1974 kwinkundla kamantyi eLusaka, eZambia ; batya isidlo sasemini somtshato eWimpy . [9] Ezi zithandani zazala iintombi ezintathu: uNeo, uNomakhwezi, kunye noLindiwe. [10] UNomakhwezi wasweleka eneminyaka engama-23 ngo-2001. [11] [12]

  1. ↑ Chris Hani (1991) "My Life, An autobiography written in 1991" SA Communist Party archived from the original on 25 February 2017 retrieved 3 November 2016 Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  2. 1 2 3 4 Van Wyk, Chris (2003) Chris Hani South Africa: Awareness publishing p. 13 ISBN 1919910131 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content.
  3. ↑ "Chris Hani interviewed by Luli Callinicos (Johannesburg), 23 and 31 March 1993 | South African History Online" www.sahistory.org.za retrieved 2025-03-21
  4. ↑ "Martin Thembisile (Chris) Hani" About.com archived from the original on 19 May 2009 retrieved 3 November 2016 Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  5. ↑ "Leaders - Chris Hani" Afravision 3 June 2013 – via YouTube
  6. ↑ Atkins, Stephen E. (2004) Encyclopedia of Modern worldwide extremists and extremist groups Greenwood Publishing Group pp. 12– ISBN 9780313324857 Unknown parameter |url-access= ignored (help)
  7. ↑ "The Death of Chris Hani: An African Misadventure - The O'Malley Archives" omalley.nelsonmandela.org retrieved 2019-02-04
  8. ↑ "Hani Truth hearing resumes" BBC News retrieved 3 November 2016
  9. ↑ "Celebrating the Life and Times of Chris Hani" City of Ekurhuleni (in en-ZA) 2020-04-26 retrieved 2023-04-07
  10. ↑ "Thembisile Chris Hani Timeline 1942 – 2003" South African History Online 3 April 2011 retrieved 2023-04-07
  11. ↑ "Hani daughter's mystery death" News24 (in en-US) 11 March 2001 retrieved 2023-04-07
  12. ↑ Mboyane, Sphiwe (17 March 2001) "Royal send-off for Nomakhwezi Hani" News24 (in en-US) retrieved 2023-04-07
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