1820 Settlers National Monument

I1820 Settlers National Monument,^[1] ehlonipha igalelo elenziwa ngamaBritane ngo-1820 kuluntu lwaseMzantsi Afrika, ijonge^[2] irhini (Makhanda) eMpuma Koloni. Ikhumbula amaNgqina aseMzansti Afrika, kwakunye nolwimi lwesiNgesi,^[3] njengabemi ngokwabo. Isakhiwo senziwe nguJohn Sturrock, owayephefumlelwe ngumsebenzi kaLouis Kahn.^[4]^[5] Isakhiwo sakhiwa nguMurray noStewart (EP) Pty Ltd

Umnyhadala weZobugcisa weSizwe

Isakhiwo sinxulunyaniswa kakhulu noMnyhadala weZobugcisa weSizwe (National Arts Festival), edla ngokubizwa ngokuba nguMnyhadala waseRhini. Ukususela ekuvulweni kwesakhiwo ngoJulayi 13, 1974, umsitho ubusoloko ubanjwa apho minyaka le, ngaphandle ko-1975. Phantse zonke iindawo zokudibanela eMakhanda ziyasetyenziswa ngexesha lomnyhadala, kodwa i1820 Settlers Monument sisikhokelo somsitho kwaye sesona sakhiwo sikhulu. Ithiyetha engundoqo kwesi sakhiwo ithiywe ngo Guy Butler.

Umlilo ngo-1994

Esi sikhumbuzo satshatyalaliswa ngumlilo ngo-1994 ^[6] saza sakhiwa kwakhona ^[7] saza sanikezelwa kwakhona ngokusesikweni nguNelson Mandela ngoMeyi 1996.

Bona kwakho

↑ Hester Maria Johanna Du Preez (1982) Museums of the Cape: a guide to the province-aided museums of the Cape Dept. of Nature Environmental Conservation of the Provincial Administration of the Cape of Good Hope pp. 18–22 ISBN 978-0-7984-0114-2 retrieved 17 September 2013
↑ South Africa Rough Guides 2002 pp. 378– ISBN 978-1-85828-853-6 retrieved 17 September 2013
↑ Erik Doxtader; Charles Villa-Vicencio (2004) To Repair the Irreparable: Reparation and Reconstruction in South Africa New Africa Books and the Institute for Justice and Reconciliation (South Africa) pp. 361– ISBN 978-0-86486-618-9
↑ MARTINSON, William Andrew "STURROCK, Frederick Lamond (Jock)" Southern African Built Environment Artefacts archived from the original on 2014-07-20 retrieved 2014-07-14
↑ "A memorial with a purpose" The Grahamstown Foundation archived from the original on 2014-05-08 retrieved 2014-07-14
↑ South African Parliament (1994) Debates of the Senate (Hansard) Government Printer
↑ Williams, Lizzie (2013) South Africa Dream Trip Footprint Travel Guides ISBN 978-1-907263-69-9

[Preez1982-1] Hester Maria Johanna Du Preez (1982) Museums of the Cape: a guide to the province-aided museums of the Cape Dept. of Nature Environmental Conservation of the Provincial Administration of the Cape of Good Hope pp. 18–22 ISBN 978-0-7984-0114-2 retrieved 17 September 2013

[2] South Africa Rough Guides 2002 pp. 378– ISBN 978-1-85828-853-6 retrieved 17 September 2013

[DoxtaderVilla-Vicencio2004-3] Erik Doxtader; Charles Villa-Vicencio (2004) To Repair the Irreparable: Reparation and Reconstruction in South Africa New Africa Books and the Institute for Justice and Reconciliation (South Africa) pp. 361– ISBN 978-0-86486-618-9

[Artefacts-4] MARTINSON, William Andrew "STURROCK, Frederick Lamond (Jock)" Southern African Built Environment Artefacts archived from the original on 2014-07-20 retrieved 2014-07-14

[GF-5] "A memorial with a purpose" The Grahamstown Foundation archived from the original on 2014-05-08 retrieved 2014-07-14

[6] South African Parliament (1994) Debates of the Senate (Hansard) Government Printer

[7] Williams, Lizzie (2013) South Africa Dream Trip Footprint Travel Guides ISBN 978-1-907263-69-9

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